Rat Race Reader
The Man Who Would Be King Rudyard Kipling 1888

Short story · 1888 · English

The Man Who Would Be King

Two broke, brazen ex-soldiers sign a contract to make themselves kings of a country nobody has mapped—and for one dizzy season, they actually pull it off.

The whole storyabout 1 hour
Long Weekend13 min
Lunch Break4 min
Elevator Ride1 min
Brother to a Prince and fellow to a beggar if he be found worthy.
Opening line: the Masonic “Law” the narrator quotes

The Long Weekend · the full picture · about 13 minutes

The Long Weekend

The story

A Message on the Square

Our narrator is a newspaperman in British India—never named, but the young Kipling in all but name. Short of cash, he’s riding the cheap, cushionless Intermediate class toward Mhow when a big vagabond in shirt-sleeves climbs in and starts to talk. He’s a “loafer,” one of the drifting white men of the Raj who live on their wits, and this one’s current trick is posing as a newspaper correspondent and squeezing hush-money out of small princely states. He wants a favour. A friend of his, a big man with a red beard, will pass through Marwar Junction on the morning of the 24th. Would the narrator wake him and say, “He has gone South for the week”?

The stranger asks it “for the sake of my Mother,” and mentions that he comes from the East and is going to the West. It’s Masonic code, and the narrator, a Mason himself, recognizes a brother asking for help. So in the desert cold before dawn he finds a sleeping giant with a flaming beard in a second-class carriage, delivers the message, and watches the train pull away. Then, doing his duty in the other direction, he quietly describes the two men to the officials who deport such people, and has them turned back before they can blackmail a Native State. Brotherhood, it turns out, has limits.

Two Harmless Lunatics

Back at his desk, the narrator settles into the grind of an Anglo-Indian newspaper: cranks, missionaries and would-be proof-readers by day, and in the hot season, friends’ deaths reported in careful euphemism while the thermometer climbs and the presses burn to the touch. Months later, in the worst of that weather, he is alone at three in the morning, waiting on a telegram before he can put the paper to bed. As the presses finally roar, two men in white step out of the dark: the man from the train, Peachey Carnehan, whose eyebrows meet in a black bar over his nose, and the red-bearded Daniel Dravot. They don’t want money. They want maps, books, and to be told they are fools.

India, they explain, is too governed for men like them—you can’t dig, prospect or grab anything without some official telling you to leave it alone. So they are going somewhere nobody governs: Kafiristan, a blank corner of the map in the mountains of north-eastern Afghanistan, where the tribes fight constantly and a man who can drill soldiers can make himself king. They have been soldiers, sailors, compositors, engine-drivers and proof-readers. They marched to Afghanistan with the army. Tonight, for once, they are perfectly sober.

The narrator tells them they’ll be cut to pieces within fifty miles of the border. They pore over the Encyclopædia anyway, and Carnehan proudly produces their “Contrack”: a greasy half-sheet in which two “Gentlemen at Large” swear to become Kings of Kafiristan together, to touch neither liquor nor any woman until the job is done, and to stand by each other if either gets into trouble.

A Mad Priest and Twenty Rifles

The next afternoon, at the teeming Kumharsen Serai where caravans from Central Asia load and unload, a raving holy man in ribbons and rags is delighting the crowd, twirling a child’s paper whirligig and promising to sell magic charms to the Amir. His servant staggers under a crate of mud toys. The priest is Dravot; the servant is Carnehan, who can’t manage the local patter. Hidden under the toys are twenty Martini rifles and ammunition, bought with every rupee they could beg, borrow or steal.

The narrator gives Dravot the little compass charm from his watch-chain, shakes hands with both, and watches the camels plod off toward the Khyber, privately sure they are walking to “certain and awful death.” A letter from Peshawar later reports a mad priest joining the caravan for Kabul. The narrator might have prayed for them, but that night a real king dies in Europe, and there is an obituary to write.

Gods in the Hills

Two summers later—same hour, same heat, same press-room—something crawls to the narrator’s chair: a bent, grey, rag-wrapped cripple begging for a drink. It is Carnehan. He was King of Kafiristan, he says, “crowned Kings we was!” Clutching the narrator’s gaze as if it’s the only thing holding his mind together, he tells the tale, slipping now and then into calling himself “old Peachey” in the third person, as though that man had died out there.

They left the caravan, shaved their heads into heathen patterns, swapped their camels for mules (Dravot broke the owner’s neck across his knee) and climbed into the snow. In a high valley they found ten men fleeing twenty, shot down the twenty, and were greeted as if they’d dropped from the sky. Dravot strolled up to the biggest idol, a figure called Imbra, and treated it like an old friend. Village after village followed: rifles for the stubborn, settled feuds for the grateful, ploughing, drilling, and Dravot judging disputes beside the idol. “They think we’re gods,” he said. Peachey stayed behind to train troops—he won over one fierce chief by winging a man at half a mile and then offering a handshake, and sent news to Dravot in a knotted-string code learned from a blind beggar in the Punjab. Months later Dravot came back at the head of hundreds of men, wearing a heavy crown of hammered gold—and carrying a second one for his partner.

Then came the master-stroke. A chief they nicknamed Billy Fish gave Peachey a Masonic grip. The mountain priests, it seemed, knew something like the first two degrees of Freemasonry, but not the third. Dravot, who had never held office in any lodge, promptly opened one, with aprons stitched by the village women and Imbra’s temple for a lodge-room. When an old priest overturned Dravot’s stone seat and scraped away the dirt to reveal the Master’s Mark—the very sign on Dravot’s apron—carved underneath, the matter was settled. Dravot declared himself Grand-Master of all Freemasonry in Kafiristan, a god and a son of Alexander the Great; Peachey was his fellow king and fellow god.

An Emperor Wants a Wife

For a season it works brilliantly. Peachey ploughs, drills and throws rope-bridges across the ravines, and trades turquoises for a hundred rough Afghan-made rifles. Dravot learns the language, hears every complaint fairly, and is genuinely loved. But he also paces the pine wood chewing his beard, dreaming bigger. The fair-skinned Kafirs, he has decided, are practically English—lost tribes, sons of Alexander. He’ll take a census, raise a quarter of a million fighting men to guard India’s flank against Russia, ask the Viceroy for twelve picked Englishmen to help him govern, and one day kneel to hand his crown to Queen Victoria and hear her say, “Rise up, Sir Daniel Dravot.” When he tells Peachey, kindly, that he can’t help him in the way he now needs, it’s the first crack between them.

The second is a woman. Winter is coming and Dravot wants a queen—not a woman, he insists, a wife, a matter of state. Peachey begs him to remember the Contrack. Dravot answers that the Contrack only lasted until they were kings. The council goes silent, until Billy Fish explains that daughters of men can’t marry gods; a girl who does is expected to die. All night a girl weeps in a little temple down the hill. In the morning, before the assembled chiefs, priests and soldiers, she is led up, “white as death.” Dravot puts his arm round her—and she bites him in the neck. His hand comes away bloody, and the priests howl what they now know: “Neither god nor devil but a man!”

The Bridge and the Head

The kingdom comes apart in minutes. The army Peachey drilled turns its rifles on Billy Fish’s loyal men, and Dravot, Peachey and Billy Fish flee down the valley under a rain of stones. Dravot rages and blames Peachey, then sobers when a bullet catches his leg and he sees his own imported rifles pointed at him. “It’s me that did it. Me, the King!” He tells the others to save themselves. Peachey won’t go, and Billy Fish says quietly that he is a chief and will stay too. Their captors take them without a sound. They cut Billy Fish’s throat. They march Dravot onto a rope-bridge over a gorge, where he asks Peachey’s forgiveness, receives it “fully and freely,” and, halfway across, tells them to cut. He falls, crown and all.

Peachey is crucified between two pine trees with wooden pegs, and survives the night. Deciding that makes him more of a god than Dravot ever was, the priests feed him, turn him out to go home, and give him a souvenir to remind him never to come back. It takes him about a year to beg his way to India. Now, as dawn pales the office lamps, he shakes it out of a horsehair bag onto the desk: Dravot’s withered head, red beard and all. He sets the gold crown on its temples.

Then he shuffles off, refusing a carriage: he has urgent private affairs, he says, “in the south—at Marwar,” as if he were still carrying that first message down the line. At noon the narrator finds him crawling bareheaded along the white-hot Mall, singing a hymn about the Son of Man going forth to win a golden crown. He delivers him to a missionary for transfer to the asylum. Two days later Carnehan is dead of sunstroke. Was anything found on him? Not that anyone knows. And there, as Kipling says, the matter rests.

The timeline

Swipe or scroll along

  1. Hot weather, mid-1880sOn a train to Mhow, the narrator meets Carnehan and agrees, as a fellow Mason, to carry a message.
  2. Dawn on the 24thAt Marwar Junction he wakes the red-bearded Dravot: “He has gone South for the week.”
  3. A stifling night, months laterThe two loafers visit his newspaper office at 3 a.m., study his maps and show him their Contrack.
  4. Next afternoonDisguised as a mad priest and his servant, with twenty hidden rifles, they leave for the Khyber.
  5. Their first months in KafiristanThey conquer the valleys, are taken for gods, are crowned, and open a Masonic lodge as Grand-Master and Warden.
  6. That winterDravot insists on a wife; the bride bites him, the priests cry “a man!”, and the kingdom revolts.
  7. The same dayBilly Fish is killed, Dravot falls from a rope-bridge, and Peachey is crucified but survives.
  8. Two years after leavingPeachey crawls into the office with Dravot’s crowned head, then dies of sunstroke in the asylum.

The people

6 you’ll want to know

The Frame

The Narrator

Anglo-Indian newspaperman who hears the tale

Unnamed, overworked and slightly superior, he is the young Kipling in all but name. A fellow Mason, he helps the loafers with a message and with maps—but also quietly has them turned back at a border. He calls them fools, lends them his books, and ends up the only witness to what became of them, unable to prove a word of it.

The Loafers

Daniel Dravot

Red-bearded adventurer who becomes a king and a god

Huge, charming, fearless and a natural showman, Dravot can fake madness, holiness or royalty with equal ease. Power brings out both his best (he rules fairly and is truly loved) and his worst (grandiose plans, contempt for advice, a broken promise). He dies the way he lived—with a flourish—ordering his executioners to cut the ropes.

Peachey Taliaferro Carnehan

Dravot’s partner, drill-master and the story’s teller

Smaller, shrewder and more cautious, with eyebrows that meet over his nose, Peachey does much of the real work of the kingdom and keeps warning Dravot to honour the Contrack. He forgives his friend on the bridge, survives crucifixion, and carries Dravot’s head home for a year rather than sell the gold crown. He comes back a broken man, and his mind gives out soon after his story does.

Kafiristan

Billy Fish

Chief of Bashkai, nicknamed after an engine-driver

The first Kafir chief to give the Masonic grip, he becomes Dravot’s trusted councillor. He is the one who tells the truth plainly, tries to talk Dravot out of the marriage, and stays with the two Englishmen when he could run. They cut his throat in the snow, and he may be the most honourable man in the story.

The Priests of Imbra

Keepers of the temple, judges and kingmakers

They are the ones who hail Dravot as divine when an old priest finds the Master’s Mark under his seat, and the ones who watch him most closely afterward. When the bite draws blood, it’s the priests who pronounce him a man and turn the country against him. Kipling lets them be credulous and canny at once.

The Bride

The unnamed girl chosen to marry the king

Terrified that marrying a god means dying, she is “heartened” all night in a temple before being brought out. Her bite lasts a second and topples a kingdom. Some readers see it as pure panic, others as a test or an act of resistance; Kipling never says, and never gives her a name.

The themes

Playing God

The loafers plan to be the thirty-third idol in a land of thirty-two, and they succeed by theatre: Dravot rubs noses with the idol Imbra, refuses food from anyone but a priest and the headman, and fakes miracles with rifles at long range. The trouble is that Dravot comes to believe his own show. By the end he wants a queen, a dynasty and a knighthood, and it takes one bite and a trickle of blood to prove what Peachey always knew—that they were only two of the finest men God ever made, “Nothing more.”

Empire in Miniature

Kafiristan is the British Raj shrunk to the size of a valley and run by two men. They bring guns, drill and law, settle feuds, set up councils, plan a census and dream of a buffer state against Russia. They also rule by force, by trickery and by a flattering racial theory—Dravot decides his fair-skinned subjects are “English” and looks down on everyone else. Kipling, the great writer of empire, lets the whole thing collapse the moment its rulers are exposed as ordinary men. The story is full of the slurs and assumptions of its time, and much of its power comes from how plainly it shows them.

Brothers and the Contrack

The two men’s comic, misspelled Contrack is the heart of the story: no liquor, no women, and stand by each other. Dravot breaks the second rule and brings ruin; Peachey keeps the third to the end, refusing to leave him on the mountain and forgiving him on the bridge. Billy Fish shows the same loyalty without ever signing anything. Friendship is the one thing in the tale that turns out to be real gold.

The Craft

Freemasonry runs through everything. The narrator helps a stranger because of a coded appeal; the loafers win their kingdom when a chief gives the Masonic grip and a priest finds the Master’s Mark under a stone. The order’s ideal—fellowship across rank, “Brother to a Prince and fellow to a beggar”—is real and moving. But Dravot also turns it into a tool, opening a lodge with no authority and using its secrets to prop up a lie. Kipling, a proud Mason himself, lets you see both the brotherhood and its abuse.

Told in the Small Hours

Almost everything we know about Kafiristan comes from a sunstruck, half-mad man talking in the dead of night, who must hold the narrator’s eyes to keep his words from going “all to pieces.” The narrator himself is tired, sceptical and unable to check a word of it. The one piece of proof—a head in a crown—vanishes, and the Superintendent of the asylum knows nothing about it. Kipling makes us believe the incredible while quietly reminding us how flimsy our evidence is.

The lessons

for life in the rat race

  1. Honour the rules you set when you were clear-headed

    The Contrack was written before success, precisely to guard against what success would tempt them to do. Dravot decides it no longer applies because he’s king now. The promises you make to yourself on the way up are the ones that matter most once you get there.

  2. Beware of believing your own publicity

    Dravot is never in more danger than when a whole country is calling him a god. Praise, titles and crowns are excellent at making people forget the limits that everyone else can still see. Keep someone around who will tell you, as Peachey does, that you’re only a man.

  3. Notice who is doing the work

    Peachey drills the army, buys the guns, builds the bridges and even stops the Afghan raid that Dravot later takes credit for. When Dravot outgrows him, he forgets all that. Every bold leader has a Peachey; noticing and thanking them costs nothing and might save the kingdom.

  4. Power built on a misunderstanding is borrowed

    The kingdom rests on the Kafirs’ belief that the two men are gods, and the men never correct it. Anything you hold because people have the wrong idea about you can be taken back the moment they find out. Authority that survives the truth is the only kind that lasts.

  5. Forgiveness is the last thing you can give

    Facing death, Dravot finally owns his mistake and asks to be forgiven, and Peachey, who has every reason to refuse, forgives him “fully and freely.” Whatever else is lost, that moment is not. It’s rarely too late to say sorry, or to accept it.

The takeaways

The usual reading

A parable of imperial hubris

The most common reading treats Kafiristan as a warning to the Raj itself. Edmund Wilson saw it as a picture of what could happen if the English lost their moral authority, and Shamsul Islam argues that what happens to Dravot could happen to the Empire. Rulers who depend on seeming superhuman are always one bite away from being found out.

Brotherhood, if he be found worthy

The opening Masonic “Law” frames the whole story as a test of fellowship. Paul Fussell’s classic 1958 essay reads it through its irony, its Freemasonry and its humane ethics: the narrator, Peachey and Billy Fish are measured by how they keep faith, and Dravot is redeemed, at the last, by asking forgiveness and dying well.

A great adventure, superbly told

For many readers it is simply one of the finest yarns in English. J. M. Barrie called it “the most audacious thing in fiction,” and critics from Birkenhead to J. I. M. Stewart have ranked it among Kipling’s best. Charles Carrington praised its “picture-and-frame” method: the wild mountain epic set inside a sweltering, ordinary newspaper office makes it hit twice as hard.

Other ways to read it

Satirical

Read it as comedy with a black ending. The loafers are con men, their “civilizing” is mostly guns and turquoise, and their kingdom is a cartoon of empire run by two would-be blackmailers. Marie Roberts calls it a parody of colonization, and Kingsley Amis, unimpressed, saw only a “silly prank” ending in a well-deserved disaster.

Post-colonial

Look at the Kafirs and they are hardly passive. They test the strangers, use their rifles, debate the marriage, and expose and judge them in the end; the girl’s bite may be fear, or it may be a deliberate test. Dravot’s theory that his subjects are “English” shows how empire flattered itself by claiming kinship with the people it liked. The Kafirs’ own story stays untold—everything reaches us through two white men.

The unreliable frame

Everything about Kafiristan comes from a man whose head, by his own account, has had nails driven through it, who forgets which of them is “Peachey,” and who dies of sunstroke two days later. The head and crown disappear. Kipling never confirms the tale, and the final line—“And there the matter rests”—leaves you holding a story you can neither prove nor shake off.

In their words

from the original

We are not little men, and there is nothing that we are afraid of except Drink, and we have signed a Contrack on that. Therefore, we are going away to be Kings.
Carnehan, in the newspaper office
They have two and thirty heathen idols there, and we’ll be the thirty-third.
Dravot on Kafiristan, in the newspaper office
It isn’t so easy being a King as it looks.
Dravot, before setting out
Neither god nor devil but a man!
The priests, after the bride bites Dravot
D’you suppose I can’t die like a gentleman?
Dravot, on the way to the rope-bridge
You behold now … the Emperor in his habit as he lived—the King of Kafiristan with his crown upon his head.
Carnehan, showing the narrator Dravot’s head

Did you know?

  • Kipling was only 22 when the story came out in 1888, in a slim paperback for Indian railway bookstalls. He was a Freemason himself, admitted to Lodge Hope and Perseverance No. 782 in Lahore in 1886 by special dispensation because he was still under age.

  • The loafers had real-life models. Josiah Harlan, an American Freemason, slipped into Afghanistan disguised as a holy man and was made “Prince of Ghor”; Alexander Gardner claimed to have crossed Kafiristan; and Dravot’s boast that “Rajah Brooke will be a suckling to us” nods to James Brooke, the Englishman who became White Rajah of Sarawak—hence the pun about the “one place” left that two strong men can “Sar-a-whack.”

  • Kafiristan was a real region of the Hindu Kush. In the mid-1890s the Afghan Amir Abdur Rahman Khan conquered it, converted its people to Islam and renamed it Nuristan, “Land of Light.”

  • John Huston tried for two decades to film it, first with Humphrey Bogart and Clark Gable. His 1975 version starred Sean Connery and Michael Caine, with Christopher Plummer as Kipling, and earned four Oscar nominations.

  • Peachey’s roadside hymn is a twist on Reginald Heber’s 1812 “The Son of God Goes Forth to War,” and his line about the Emperor “in his habit as he lived” borrows from the Ghost scene in Hamlet.

Ready for the real thing?

The Man Who Would Be King is in the public domain, so it’s free to read. It runs to about 14,200 words (some 50 pages), about 1 hour of reading. You know the story now. Reading it will still surprise you.

Read it free at Project Gutenberg

Set in
British India and Kafiristan (now Nuristan, in north-eastern Afghanistan)
When
The 1880s
First published
1888, in The Phantom ’Rickshaw and Other Eerie Tales (Indian Railway Library no. 5, A. H. Wheeler & Co., Allahabad); later collected in Wee Willie Winkie and Other Stories (1895)
Kind of book
Adventure, Imperial tale, Frame narrative

Why it still matters

Written when Kipling was just 22, it’s the most compact story ever told about empire: two nobodies walk into the mountains, play at being gods, and find out exactly what that costs. It works as a rip-roaring yarn and as a warning to the very empire Kipling was famous for celebrating, and readers have argued ever since about which one he meant—which is why it’s still worth an hour of anyone’s time.

Where this guide comes from

Researched from the sources below and written for Rat Race Reader in our own words. Quotations are from the public-domain text. This guide is a first draft and is still being checked.

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It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness… — Dickens

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